MAY 2025 REPORT (3-5PM)
MAY 2025 REPORT
DCCS Panel members along with Chief Inspector Tom Cunningham, Karen Janicka (BWV Subject Matter Expert for Devon & Cornwall) and welcomed new panel members and visiting Chief Superintendent Ben Deer
This month’s cases were filtered for both Stop and Search and Use of Force as follows: Repeat subjects of Stop & Search
Before observing body-worn footage selected by the panel from the previous month's cases, the Chair reminded panel members of wellness practice and the opportunity for debriefing at the end of the meeting.
The following report identifies points to action, D&C Police responses, case assessments and outstanding areas that require investigation.
Body-Worn Video Assessment .
Body-Worn Video Assessment .
ASSESSING D&C POLICE STOP AND SEARCH [S&S]
MAY 2025 REPORT
Body-Worn Videos
Via Microsoft Teams, at the start of each case BWV Systems Administrator Karen Janicka, played the clip selected by the panel before members completed their anonymous assessment, discussed and submitted the below feedback.
Chief Inspector Tom Cunningham circulated this report with actions and recommendations to D&C Police Basic Command Unit, Operations Department, Learning and Development, Force Stop and Search Lead and Force Use of Force Lead.
All confirmed discussions, decisions and/or actions taken by officers and supervisors following receipt of the DCCS Panel report are identified in bold blue text.
Panel members use GOWISELY as part of their scrutiny assessment. It is an acronym that officers must use to provide information to a subject before the Stop and Search. If the GOWISELY procedure is not followed then the S&S is highly likely to have been unlawful.
GROUNDS of the search
OBJECT of the search
WARRANT card [if not in uniform]
IDENTITY [officer name & number]
STATION [where officer is based]
ENTITLEMENT to receipt
LEGAL power used
YOU are detained for S&S
S&S Case 1 - Drug vehicle search – cannabis smelt, four young adult white male subjects:
Actions to be commended:
Communication: Officers were praised for clear communication, conversational engagement, and maintaining a calm, respectful tone even when unexpected issues arose, such as a passenger running from the vehicle.
Professionalism and Courtesy: Officers apologised for minor mistakes and expressed thanks for clarifications, showing humility and professionalism.
Empathy and Practical Support: Notably, an officer offered to help the subjects catch their ferry and ensured arrangements were in place for them to return safely, highlighting a balanced approach between enforcement and community care.
Resolution Approach: Drugs were found, and the driver was arrested. Officers pursued a community resolution in recognition of the subject’s compliance, choosing not to allow further driving under the influence. The suspect and vehicle were returned to a residence.
Rights Awareness: Subjects were reminded not to disclose information until later interview stages - an appropriate safeguarding action.
Necessary: All panel members agreed the stop was necessary.
Proportionate: All panel members agreed the stop was proportionate.
Ethical: All panel members agreed the stop was ethical.
GOWISELY: Most panel members agreed GOWISELY was followed; a few were unsure due to audio clarity.
Investigation, responses and learning required with:
Language and Professionalism: Several panel members raised concerns about overly casual or over-familiar language used by officers, including phrases like “don’t fuck up,” “doing you a solid,” and “I’m not going to do anything.”
Perceived Informality: Some felt the stop was not taken seriously enough, particularly due to the officer's offer to drop the subject at the ferry. One member questioned whether the stop had drifted into providing a ‘taxi service’.
Bias and Operational Concerns: Questions were raised over whether the decision to not handcuff or separate individuals (one out at a time) was influenced by unconscious bias, particularly as the individuals were white.
Age Verification: A panel member noted concern that age was seemingly accepted on verbal assurance, especially when subjects appeared younger than 18.
Leadership and Control: It was observed that officers discussed decisions openly with the subjects rather than stepping away to confer. This was interpreted by some as a lack of leadership or strategy.
Missed Procedural Clarity: An officer asked, “Anything you want to tell me?” and when the subject said “Yes,” the officer dismissed it with “Well don’t then.” This interaction was seen as inappropriate and potentially obstructive to meaningful communication.
Subject Follow-Up: There were unresolved questions about the individual who fled the scene. The driver has been scheduled as a voluntary attender (VA) for an interview on 06/05/2025, but no outcome was available at the time. There remains an outstanding action to identify the fleeing male.
Response received from visiting Chief Superintendent Ben Deer
“I didn’t like that they were referred to as boys - there’s a negative connotation to treating adults as children. ID would have been checked on the system. I understand the officer had to think on his feet; the number of occupants clearly threw him. It’s not ideal being outnumbered, and the informality may have been an attempt to keep control through mutual respect. At that stage, I wouldn’t have expected backup to be called.
A male running off could have been avoided with a 'one in, one out' tactic. The officers were mature in not reacting emotionally or chasing immediately - they had the subject’s name and the drugs. I disliked the phrase ‘doing you a solid’; while some young people may understand this, it wouldn’t sit well with the public if overheard in a high street.
The arrest was pragmatic; nothing suggested onward supply, and the individual was not known. We’d likely use an out-of-court disposal to avoid unnecessarily affecting future job prospects. The officer couldn’t inform the driver’s grandparents, as that would be unlawful.
Handcuffs could have been used to prevent fleeing. Officers should not ask questions that amount to interviews on the roadside unless related to safety - like checking for needles before searching. This could have been handled better, but it’s not the end - follow-up occurred, and the subject was invited to a later voluntary interview.”
S&S BWV 1 ASSESSMENT
D&C POLICE RESPONSE TO S&S BWV 1
“Feedback all received and understood with thanks. This was a situation which was challenging to handle. I arrived on scene with two officers already present and the vehicle stopped.
It was confirmed to me by one officer that the four persons present had been checked against PNC/NICHE. I understand the perception of my language used and the phrases used.
I attempt to speak to people on a level where there is common ground and that is appropriate to the situation and those involved, and that can be easily understood by the person with whom I am speaking. I understand that in this case my choice of phrase/use of language could have been inappropriate.
I wished to try and give the subject a ‘fair warning’ about the possible consequences of his actions.
I remained transparent with him regarding the investigation process. Up until the point of the rear passenger fleeing the vehicle, all parties had been calm and compliant and had remained within the vehicle, with the rear drivers side passenger stating he struggled with poor mental health and anxiety, which assisted the rationale in dropping them to the local ferry.
Whilst a short drive it was a fairly long walk, along a dark road at night. The subject who I searched was completely calm and compliant, I did not feel it at all necessary to handcuff this male to complete my search.
The rest of the males, until one fled, remained calmly in the vehicle and were contained there. With only three officers I could not have handcuffed all four males, however could have done this once one had fled. The officer and I discussed how we could have better handled this situation with the rest of our team when we were back at a station. I have not referred to my BWV footage whilst responding to the feedback.”
Panel response:
The DCCS Panel thanks the officer for their feedback and reflection. The Panel recognises that there are areas of excellent practice from this officer and areas of learning. May the former be a strong foundation for the latter.
S&S Case 2 - Call to locate high risk white male subject in crisis and carrying a knife:
Actions to be commended:
Communication and De-escalation: Officers were praised for using calm, clear, and reassuring language throughout the encounter. Phrases such as “you’re not in trouble,” “we want to help you,” and “look at me and let’s talk” helped reduce tension. Officers used the subject's name consistently to humanise the interaction and build rapport.
Use of Force Avoided: Despite the presence of a knife, taser deployment was avoided. Officers communicated clearly about what needed to happen to avoid force and successfully encouraged the subject to disarm voluntarily.
Transparency and Procedure: BWV was explained. The subject was thanked after the search and offered a cigarette - seen as a respectful, humanising gesture.
Empathy and Respect Most panel members noted that the officer, although young and relatively inexperienced, showed empathy and kindness. The use of gentle gestures (e.g., a pat on the back) and verbal reassurance helped bring the encounter to a peaceful close.
Necessary: All panel members agreed the encounter was necessary.
Proportionate: Most panel members agreed it was proportionate. One response indicated uncertainty.
Ethical: Most panel members agreed it was ethical. One panel member disagreed due to the officer’s comments lacking trauma-informed awareness.
GOWISELY: Most confirmed GOWISELY was fully followed. One response noted uncertainty about the subject’s understanding of the explanation.
Investigation, responses and learning required with:
Inappropriate or Unhelpful Language: Multiple panel members raised concerns about comments made by one officer that were not trauma-informed, such as: “It’s not the end of the world”, “People have lost a lot more”. These were considered dismissive of the subject’s mental state and potentially harmful. Trauma-informed communication training was recommended.
Search Clarity and Communication: Officers did not clearly articulate where they were conducting the physical search (e.g., waistband area), which could have caused distress or confusion for the subject. Clear explanation of the search process was suggested as an area for improvement.
Support and Signposting: Questions were raised about whether the subject received appropriate follow-up support or referrals to mental health services. Panel members felt that wellbeing signposting was essential in these circumstances.
Experience and Training Gaps: Some feedback highlighted that while the young officer acted with empathy, their limited life or professional experience showed in their communication. Additional support or trauma scenario training was suggested to better equip officers for similar future encounters.
Response received from visiting Chief Superintendent Ben Deer
“The male had a knife to his wrists – if the officer hadn’t felt there was meaningful communication or if the risk had continued, use of taser could have been justified. I’m pleased this use of force wasn’t necessary.
I take on board the panel’s points about young officers lacking experience in these emotionally charged situations - what’s said can significantly impact someone, especially when they’re in crisis. If someone was about to lose their house, this shouldn’t be minimised. More understanding and helpful things to stay are required. Comments that may seem harmless could actually come across as demeaning. I believe the general repeated nature was an attempt to get through to the subject that they were there to help.
The officer involved appears to be very new in service. While they receive initial training, we’ll need to check on the extent of trauma-informed training. Continued support and understanding of the impact on both the public and our officers is vital.”
S&S BWV 2 ASSESSMENT
D&C POLICE RESPONSE TO S&S BWV 2
Chief Inspector: “I have spoken with the officer and praised him for what was clearly a very difficult stop search on only his 2nd day on patrol following his PDU phase of his student pathway.
I have passed on the panels comments regarding the officers’ commendable actions to what was a very challenging situation. The officer is understanding of the panels thoughts on the specific comments he has made, and will ensure he looks to learn from this instance.
That said we have discussed trauma informed communication, and also the fact that as officers, it takes significant time to become proficient in the use in a classroom, let alone in the stress and pressure of real life. I have provided him with the panels written praise as well as areas for improvement for his own record.”
Panel response:
The DCCS Panel thanks the officer for their feedback and reflection. The Panel recognises that there are areas of excellent practice from this officer and areas of learning. May the former be a strong foundation for the latter.
ASSESSING D&C POLICE USE OF FORCE [UOF]
MAY 2025 REPORT
Body-Worn Videos
Panel members use PLANTER as part of their Use of Force scrutiny assessment:
PROPORTIONATE amount of force implemented
LENGTH of force used
ACTIONS of subject warranted use of force
NECESSARY to use force to protect the subject, officers or members of the public
TYPE used was minimum appropriate
ETHICAL to use force in the situation
REASONABLE for officer(s) to employ
UOF CASE 1 - Report of domestic violence attended by double crew special unit - white male subject:
Actions to be commended:
De-escalation and Communication: Officers were praised for clear communication, calm tone, and de-escalation techniques.
Several panel members highlighted officers using the subject’s name, repeating key information, and explaining the reasons behind their actions, which helped to maintain calm and reduce confusion.
Officers took the time to explain the body worn video (BWV) recording process, which reassured the subject and helped preserve transparency.
Preservation of Dignity and Welfare: Officers encouraged the subject to dress appropriately before removal from the home, showing awareness and sensitivity to his dignity. Handcuffs were temporarily removed to allow dressing for cold weather, and wellbeing was actively considered.
An apology was made for accidentally catching the subject's arm, demonstrating awareness and courtesy.
Officers responded with patience in the face of intoxication or possible substance use, avoiding escalation and encouraging compliance through respectful dialogue.
Professionalism and Courtesy: Even under challenging circumstances (e.g. intoxication, confusion and small space), officers remained composed and acted compassionately. Particular praise was given to the professionalism of volunteer special constables involved initially.
One officer was noted for inquisitive engagement, asking the subject if they had been hurt or had hurt someone - viewed as constructive, especially in complex domestic violence incidents.
Necessary: All panel responses assessed the use of force as necessary.
Proportionate: The majority of the panel agreed the force used was proportionate, based on observed behaviours and context.
Ethical: Most responses affirmed the actions were ethical, especially given the level of compassion and clear communication shown.
PLANTER: The majority confirmed PLANTER was followed.
Investigation, responses and learning required with:
Communication and Clarity: In one case, a comment made by an officer (“I don’t know who you’ve assaulted”) was deemed unhelpful. Panel members noted that intoxicated individuals may need more time and clearer communication; in one instance, the subject seemed genuinely confused and possibly under the influence, yet officers didn’t fully explore what he had taken.
Procedure and Search: Concern was raised about a subject being placed in a van before being searched. The panel agreed the search should have occurred while the subject was still inside the residence, especially while dressing, for safety and procedural compliance.
Mental Health and Substance Use: There was an observed lack of questioning around substance use, especially where subjects were clearly under the influence. It was queried how much repetition or patience is appropriate and feasible when dealing with heavily intoxicated individuals.
Response received from visiting BCU Commander Antony Hart
“Friendly pragmatism was the right thing to do here - male subject was completely undressed in a domestic residence. The team ensured the camera didn’t record the subject unclothed and preserved his dignity. I was really pleased to hear he was talked through the BWV recording.
The first two officers were special constables and not paid - great professionalism for someone who doesn’t do this job all the time.
When someone is this intoxicated, you need to keep talking and repeating information - otherwise officers could be injured if he wasn’t coaxed out compliantly.
It was a small space on the steps and there was a risk of injury. Panel are correct about the search needing to be done before entering the van - should have been while he was getting dressed. I much prefer they take someone out again to ensure safety than risk leaving someone unsearched in a van. This can happen with handovers involving multiple officers.”
D&C POLICE RESPONSE TO UOF BWV 1
Chief Inspector: “I have spoken with the officer and he is accepting of the review and the matters that they have raised, he has little recollection of it as he has been arresting domestic offenders almost every shift sometimes 2 or 3 times in a shift.
He acknowledges that the searching was completed in the wrong place and was an after-thought.
He has been provided with this written review so he can digest it and will be take the learning and good practice identified.”
Panel response:
The DCCS Panel thanks the officer for their feedback and reflection. The Panel recognises that there are areas of excellent practice from this officer and areas of learning. May the former be a strong foundation for the latter.
UOF CASE 2 - Off-duty officer first on scene. White female subject reported for unconfirmed shoplifting:
Actions to be commended:
Wellbeing: Officer sat in the back of the van with the subject to prevent harm. Some effort made to de-escalate through requests.
Investigation, responses and learning required with:
Lack of Context / Off-Duty Officer Role:: Subject was already on the floor when officers arrived - what use of force happened prior? Were proper procedures followed by the off-duty officer?
Use of Language & Tone: Officer repeatedly said “you don’t want me to write this” and other similar phrases, perceived as threatening, coercive, or manipulative rather than de-escalatory. There was a lack of trauma-informed language or behaviour. Multiple officers talked over the subject and one another, especially during cautioning.
Welfare & Dignity: The footage began with a distressed female subject surrounded by male officers. There was no clear justification given for removal of her shoes.
There were multiple missed opportunities for empathetic communication. Subject expressed suicidal ideation and distress; said “I want to kill myself,” mentioned self-harm (e.g., headbutting the cage), and said “please don’t treat me like a piece of meat. The officers language like “you’re not going to do that” (re: suicide) felt dismissive and lacking empathy.
The officer appeared to be operating out of frustration or convenience rather than care.Bias & Discrimination: Though the subject was well known to police, responses appeared to lack compassion - potentially reflecting bias toward “repeat offenders.”
Necessary: Arrest and use of force may not have been fully justified without clearer offence.
Proportionate: Emotional/mental health needs were not well handled; language was coercive.
Ethical: No female officer requested, despite vulnerability of subject.
Casual conversation between officer and subject (possibly known to each other) seemed unprofessional. There was no clear evidence of shoplifting - legal basis for arrest unclear’
Lack of context on what happened at start due to out of duty officer being first point of contactPLANTER: Procedurally followed but ethically lacking. Boxes ticked, but human factors and ethical handling were weak.
Response received from visiting BCU Commander Antony Hart
“I found it frustrating to watch - the first time I can understand the officer saying ‘if I’m writing this in my statement, this won’t be helpful’ but to keep repeating it goes from helpful advice to a power trip. There was no need for it.
The female subject was asking for her shoes and saying ‘don’t treat me like a piece of meat’ - she was clearly asking for some degree of human interaction. She appeared to be well known to officers, as they knew her accommodation - there appeared to be some degree of rapport, which is why they proceeded as they did, but even if officers perceive subjects as annoying, there shouldn't be a retaliation. She should have been treated with respect and professionalism. By repeating himself it could be seen as trying to antagonise the subject rather than preventing harm or encouraging cooperation. It is unhelpful.
Officers have the same powers when on and off duty. If a complaint was made about an off-duty officer who wasn’t wearing a BWV, an investigation would be conducted and CCTV requested from the supermarket/security guards.”
UOF BWV 2 ASSESSMENT
D&C POLICE RESPONSE TO UOF BWV 1
Officer’s response not received
Panel response:
The DCCS Panel recognises that there are areas of excellent practice from this officer and areas of learning. May the former be a strong foundation for the latter.
“Going back to the officers and talking through what we have seen here - they will have their own perceptions and justifiable practices, but it’s really helpful with these panels to share how the public views it, and just consider, when dealing with this in the future, that the confidence of the community is impacted by these areas addressed.
The DCCS Panel helps develop D&C Police officers rather than being told off. I get as much from this as panel members do and understand how our service is being perceived so we can move forward.”
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